The largest earthquake of the 20th century didn't end when the shaking stopped. On July 24, 1960, Chile was still facing one of the most critical, yet lesser-known consequences of the Great Chilean Earthquake (the Valdivia Earthquake). The initial event occurred on May 22, 1960, with an magnitude of M 9.5. But beyond the severe shaking and devastating tsunami, the earthquake triggered massive landslides in southern Chile. In the Región de los Lagos, these landslides blocked the natural outlet of Lake Riñihue into the San Pedro River. The lake level began to rise rapidly, creating the risk of a catastrophic downstream flood that threatened communities like Los Lagos and Valdivia. Enter the Riñihuazo (or Operación Riñihue) — one of Chile’s most significant emergency engineering efforts. Under the leadership of engineer Raúl Sáez, a coalition of workers, military personnel, firefighters, and teams from public and private institutions worked tirelessly under extremely adverse condition...
As Chile continues to face an extended period of severe weather, with persistent rainfall, river overflows, slope instabilities, erosion, infrastructure disruptions, and widespread impacts across multiple regions, an important question emerges: Are we adequately assessing infrastructure resilience through a multi-hazard lens? A recent opinion piece published in La Tercera by Jorge Tobar, President of AICE (the Association of Civil Structural Engineers of Chile), reflects discussions that have emerged within the AICE Board on the need to broaden our traditional understanding of structural safety. For decades, Chile has rightfully earned international recognition for its leadership in earthquake engineering. However, recent events remind us that infrastructure performance depends on much more than seismic resistance. The current weather emergency is demonstrating how multiple hazards can interact simultaneously or sequentially. Intense precipitation may lead to soil saturation, erosion,...